Examples of these include talismans, charts, writs, tallies, and registers. These artifacts were used as symbols legitimizing and guaranteeing the Emperor's Heavenly Mandate. Sinologist Anna Seidel refers to texts and even items produced by ancient Chinese sages as apocryphal and studied their uses during Six Dynasties China (A.D. The term in general enjoyed high consideration among the Gnostics (see Acts of Thomas, pp. 10, 27, 44). For example, the disciples of the Gnostic Prodicus boasted that they possessed the secret ( ἀπόκρυφα) books of Zoroaster. The word apocryphal ( ἀπόκρυφος) was first applied to writings which were kept secret because they were the vehicles of esoteric knowledge considered too profound or too sacred to be disclosed to anyone other than the initiated. In English, it later came to have a sense of the esoteric, suspicious, or heretical, largely because of the Protestant interpretation of the usefulness of non-canonical texts. The word apocrypha in its ancient Christian usage originally meant a text read in private, rather than in public church settings. The word apocrypha has undergone a major change in meaning throughout the centuries. It comes from Greek and is formed from the combination of apo (away) and kryptein (hide or conceal). The word's origin is the Medieval Latin adjective apocryphus (secret, or non-canonical) from the Greek adjective ἀπόκρυφος, apokryphos, (private) from the verb ἀποκρύπτειν, apokryptein (to hide away). Other non-canonical apocryphal texts are generally called pseudepigrapha, a term that means " false attribution". Luther's Bible placed them in a separate section in between the Old Testament and New Testament called the Apocrypha, a convention followed by subsequent Protestant Bibles. While Catholic tradition considers some of these texts to be deuterocanonical, and the Orthodox Churches consider them all to be canonical, Protestants consider them apocryphal, that is, non-canonical books that are useful for instruction. In the wake of the Protestant Reformation, the word apocrypha came to mean "false, spurious, bad, or heretical".įrom a Protestant point of view, Biblical apocrypha are a set of texts included in the Septuagint and the Latin Vulgate, but not in the Hebrew Bible. In Christianity, the word apocryphal (ἀπόκρυφος) was first applied to writings which were to be read privately rather than in the public context of church services - edifying Christian works which were not considered canonical Scripture.
#Lds scriptures app series
Series 4: 1453–1476, Paris Bucarest, 1915, pages 126–127Īpocrypha are written works, often of unknown authorship or doubtful origin. The apocryphal letter of Sultan Mehmed II to the Pope ( Notes et extraits pour servir à l'histoire des croisades au XVe siècle), published by Nicolas Jorga.
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